What is ovulation and when does it happen?

Ovulation is a key part of the menstrual cycle and plays a central role in fertility. Simply put, it’s the process by which a mature egg is released from the ovary, making it available for fertilization. Understanding ovulation can help with family planning, recognizing your body’s signals, and overall reproductive health.

What Happens During Ovulation?

Each month, the ovaries prepare several eggs, but usually only one matures fully. Around the middle of your cycle, this mature egg is released from the ovary and travels down the fallopian tube toward the uterus. If sperm fertilizes the egg during this window, pregnancy can occur. If not, the egg disintegrates, and the cycle continues with menstruation.

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When Does Ovulation Happen?

Ovulation typically occurs about 12 to 16 days before the start of your next period, which usually falls around day 14 in a standard 28-day cycle. However, the exact timing can vary based on cycle length and individual differences. Women with shorter or longer cycles may ovulate earlier or later than day 14.

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Signs and Symptoms of Ovulation

Many people notice subtle changes in their bodies when they ovulate, including:

Changes in cervical mucus: It becomes clear, stretchy, and egg-white in consistency.

Mild abdominal pain or cramping: Known as “mittelschmerz,” usually on one side of the lower abdomen.

Increased libido: Hormonal changes can cause a natural boost in sexual desire.

Breast tenderness or sensitivity

Slight rise in basal body temperature

The female anatomy, Image:Instagram/@pelvichealth

Why Tracking Ovulation Matters

Tracking ovulation can help if you are trying to conceive or avoid pregnancy naturally. It also helps you understand your menstrual health, detect irregularities, and spot potential hormonal imbalances. Methods for tracking include calendar calculations, ovulation predictor kits, basal body temperature charts, and monitoring cervical mucus.